Section 1-4 Review and Reinforce Layers of the Atmosphere Answer Key
Earth's atmosphere has a series of layers, each with its ain specific traits. Moving up from footing level, these layers are called the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The exosphere gradually fades away into the realm of interplanetary space.
Layers of the atmosphere: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere.
UCAR/Randy Russell
Troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of our temper. Starting at footing level, information technology extends upward to near 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet) above sea level. We humans live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather condition occurs in this lowest layer. Nigh clouds appear here, mainly considering 99% of the water vapor in the atmosphere is plant in the troposphere. Air pressure drops, and temperatures go colder, every bit y'all climb higher in the troposphere.
Stratosphere
The next layer upward is chosen the stratosphere. The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the footing. The infamous ozone layer is constitute within the stratosphere. Ozone molecules in this layer absorb high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting the UV energy into rut. Unlike the troposphere, the stratosphere actually gets warmer the higher you go! That tendency of rising temperatures with distance ways that air in the stratosphere lacks the turbulence and updrafts of the troposphere beneath. Commercial passenger jets fly in the lower stratosphere, partly considering this less-turbulent layer provides a smoother ride. The jet stream flows nearly the border betwixt the troposphere and the stratosphere.
Mesosphere
In a higher place the stratosphere is the mesosphere. Information technology extends upwardly to a elevation of about 85 km (53 miles) above our planet. Most meteors burn upwardly in the mesosphere. Unlike the stratosphere, temperatures once again grow colder as you rise upwards through the mesosphere. The coldest temperatures in Earth'due south atmosphere, almost -ninety° C (-130° F), are plant near the top of this layer. The air in the mesosphere is far too sparse to exhale (the air pressure at the bottom of the layer is well below ane% of the pressure level at sea level and continues dropping as yous go college).
Thermosphere
The layer of very rare air above the mesosphere is called the thermosphere. High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sunday are captivated in the thermosphere, raising its temperature to hundreds or at times thousands of degrees. However, the air in this layer is and so thin that it would feel freezing common cold to us! In many ways, the thermosphere is more than like outer space than a part of the temper. Many satellites actually orbit Globe within the thermosphere! Variations in the amount of energy coming from the Dominicus exert a powerful influence on both the height of the top of this layer and the temperature within it. Because of this, the top of the thermosphere tin be found anywhere betwixt 500 and 1,000 km (311 to 621 miles) higher up the basis. Temperatures in the upper thermosphere tin range from about 500° C (932° F) to 2,000° C (3,632° F) or higher. The aurora, the Northern Lights and Southern Lights, occur in the thermosphere.
Exosphere
Although some experts consider the thermosphere to be the uppermost layer of our atmosphere, others consider the exosphere to be the actual "final borderland" of Earth's gaseous envelope. As you might imagine, the "air" in the exosphere is very, very, very thin, making this layer even more infinite-similar than the thermosphere. In fact, the air in the exosphere is constantly - though very gradually - "leaking" out of Globe'southward temper into outer space. There is no clear-cutting upper purlieus where the exosphere finally fades away into space. Dissimilar definitions identify the summit of the exosphere somewhere between 100,000 km (62,000 miles) and 190,000 km (120,000 miles) to a higher place the surface of World. The latter value is nigh halfway to the Moon!
Ionosphere
The ionosphere is not a singled-out layer similar the others mentioned above. Instead, the ionosphere is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere where high-free energy radiation from the Sun has knocked electrons loose from their parent atoms and molecules. The electrically charged atoms and molecules that are formed in this way are called ions, giving the ionosphere its name and endowing this region with some special properties.
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Source: https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/layers-earths-atmosphere
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